EU · Consolidated DSA enforcement decisions

The Digital Services Act (DSA) was to be the tool with which Europe would discipline Big Tech platforms. This tracker consolidates its first thirteen actions —formal proceedings, infringement letters, preliminary findings, one fine and even a procedural defeat for the Commission itself— and the portrait is of a regime running in rather than at cruising speed.

The European Commission, competent over very large online platforms (VLOPs), signs ten of the thirteen actions. But only one has ended in a final fine: the €120 million of a non-compliance decision. The rest divide among four open formal proceedings, two infringement letters, preliminary findings, commitments accepted without a fine, and referrals to the EU Court of Justice.

Why the outcome matters, not the announcement

As in the digital-fines tracker, the decisive data point here is the outcome field, not the opening of the case. Launching a formal proceeding generates headlines; closing it with a final, collected sanction is another matter, and much slower. The legal bases invoked sketch the regulator's priorities: protection of minors (Art. 28), systemic-risk management (Arts. 34-35), advertising transparency (Art. 39) and researcher data access (Art. 40) are the most cited.

Three years of the DSA leave a provisional lesson: the rule has teeth on paper, but its real enforcement is a long administrative and judicial process in which platforms litigate every step. This tracker focuses on the EU because the DSA is a single, consolidated regime; measuring its effectiveness requires following each case to its resolution, not stopping at the initial announcement.